Version 19
19.18
- Improved - Added a message reporting when there is not enough memory to apply a filter.
- Changed - Removed links to Fine Art Printing service.
- Fixed - When using Ctrl + C to paste a new layer and memory is not available, after clearing the message box the program still acts as if the CTRL key remains pressed.
- Fixed - Brushes with the SubSample brush effect were not properly being recorded in scripts.
19.17
- Added - Direct zoom levels 1600% - 8% added as Quick Command button options.
- Fixed - Low memory cases could result in a crash when using the filter preview area option.
- Fixed - Using the Org (organize) button on the Layers panel could result in the Scratch layer being moved when it should not.
- Fixed - Many of the Scribbler brushes were not working properly.
- Fixed - The Pro Nu Scribblers 2 and Pro Nu Scribblers 3 were not working properly on layers.
- Fixed - Don't allow the Warp tool to be used on an invisible layer.
- Fixed - The Lua filter command paint_text could result in a crash. Note: The paint_text command is non-operational unless a font is first selected via the Text tool.
- Fixed - Pressing cancel on the Acquire (scanning) could result in being unable to exit.
- Fixed - When scanning an image the page was not redrawing to show the new page size.
19.16
- Added - Brush effect Auto Mask Trace. The will automatically create a mask at the start of a stroke from the information in the clone source.
- Added - Brush effect envelope Mask value added.
- Added - 5 additional Select Filter brush effects added. This brings a total of 14 filters that can be applied to a brush.
- Added - Pro Filter List X14 brush to the Art Pro - Image Filter ArtSet.
- Added - Buffer Control filters, Copy to Buffer, Swap with Buffer, Load from Buffer and Merge from Buffer added. These only appear when selecting filters for Select Filter effects for brushes.
- Fixed - Usage of drawing guides, polygon, lasso and bezier tools could result in a crash. Introduced in 19.15.
19.15
- Added - New ArtSet Art Pro - Lines and Outlines added.
- Added - Pro Nu 4 Color Splat brush added to the Art Pro - Nu Media ArtSet.
- Added - Pro Smooth Clip and Pro Smooth Clip Array brushes added to the Art Pro - Clip Brushes ArtSet.
- Added - Pro Silhouette Pen Fine Line to the Art Pro - Silhouette ArtSet.
- Added - Brush effects, Indexed Lineto, Indexed Smooth Stroke, Indexed Line Segment, VLines1, HLines1, Indexed Tile X, Indexed Tile Y. Indexed Space Absolute and Indexed Space Proportional. These are used to support high quality design pens.
- Added - Brush effects evelope db-ang-orig added.
- Added - Pro Silhouette Pen Design Line and Pro Silhouette Pen Precision Line to the Art Pro - Silhouette ArtSet.
- Added - Options of Mask Source and Mask Destination added to the Warp tool.
- Added - Pro Clip Designer brush added to the Art Pro - Clips ArtSet.
- Added - Pro Image Brush Designer added to the Art Pro - Image Brush ArtSet.
- Added - Pro Image Shape Designer added to the Art Pro - Image Shape ArtSet.
- Added - Art Pro - Filter Brush Collection ArtSet added. Only 3 brushes so far, but more will be added over time.
- Improved - Most of the drawing guides render much faster now resulting in significantly less slow down when enabled.
- Improved - The rendering of the Bezier tool control points and lines are much faster now resulting in significantly less slow down when enabled.
- Improved - The rendering of the Polygon Mask and Lasso Mask tool control lines are much faster now resulting in significantly less slow down when enabled.
- Improved - The Pro Pen Smooth brush has improved quality.
- Improved - The Pro Mandala Basic and Pro Mandala Gel brushes have improved quality now.
- Improved - The Pro Palette Knife is improved with smoother angles and stroke smoothing.
- Improved - The Pro Oil Paint Flat brush is improved with smoother angles and stroke smoothing.
- Changed - The indicator in the layer mini bar for a Scratch layer created has been changed.
- Changed - The brush Pro Clip Designer is now called Pro Clip Flow Line.
- Fixed - Brushes that use particle effects were not drawing properly on the left edge of the paper.
- Fixed - Brushes that had rotation effects were not drawing properly on the left edge of the paper.
- Fixed - The Order Prints dialog was limiting the size incorrectly.
- Fixed - Fixed low memory crash case when selecting a Paper layer, Scratch layer or Mask layer.
- Fixed - Fixed low memory crash when attempting to display a reference image, including when the Scratch Layer Reference was created.
- Fixed - When the viewable area of a page changes the background area was not always getting cleanup properly.
- Fixed - All of the brush effects in the Mirrors and Symmetry category of effects were improperly placing dabs resulting in poor quality on thin line brushes.
- Fixed - Many of the Dab Position effects were not being placed with the expected precision.
19.14
- Added - Options for Alpha to Mask and Mask to Alpha added to the Quick Command panel.
- Added - Layers, Clips, PgView, Effects, Msk Lay and Paper options to the Quick Command panel.
- Added - Clip Pattern, Image Filter X1, Image Filter X3, Image Filter X5 and Image Filter X9 added to the Effect Brush Modifiers.
- Added - Pro Clip Pattern Text Brush and Pro Clip Pattern Shaded Text Brush to the Art Pro - Text Brushes ArtSet.
- Added - Most tools are available in the Quick Command panel as dynamic tool usage (single use).
- Added - Script Brush options are now available in the Quick Command panel.
- Improved - The Quick Command panel is now resizable to any configuration showing as little as 1 button or as many as 20 x 30 buttons.
- Improved - Clicking on an empty area in the Quick Command panel will popup the edit dialog.
- Improved - The configured Quick Command settings are now stored in a separate file so that a Reset All does not result in a lose of your custom configuration.
- Improved - The Quick Command panel button editing now lists the options in categories with a tree hierarchy.
- Improved - Holding the Ctrl key will now allow for Quick Command buttons to be arranged by dragging them.
- Improved - Holding the Alt key and clicking on a Quick Command button will set it to No Action (delete).
- Improved - In the Brush Control panel the word "Select" is removed from Select Pattern, Select Shape, Select Texture and Select Filter.
- Improved - In the Brush Control panel the Filter buttons now include the filter name if one is selected.
- Improved - The Select Filter brush effects can be reordered in the Brush Effects panel.
- Improved - The Glow Inner and Glow Outer filters get an option to use the currently selected color.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Image Filter ArtSet has new brushes and refinements to existing brushes.
- Changed - The default No Action text on the Quick Command buttons is now blank rather than three dashes "---".
- Fixed - Some filters, such as the Carton filter, were not honoring masks.
- Fixed - The combination of Clip brush effects and Layer brush effects were not working on the background layer.
- Fixed - The No Action option for the Quick Command panel was not selectable.
- Fixed - The non-constrained option for the Image Resize feature was not working since 19.13.
19.13
- Added - Distort by Scratch Layer filter added to the Distort category of filters.
- Added - Gallery Wrap Mirror Auto filter added to the Generate category of image filters.
- Added - Adaptive Unsharp Mask filter added to the Sharpen filter category of image filters.
- Added - Feather filter added to the Stylized category of filters. Very handy filter!
- Added - Pro Clip Brush Filter and Pro Blip Brush Filter 9x to the Art Pro - Image Filter ArtSet.
- Improved - Added a Random Offset option to the Displacement Bump set of filters.
- Improved - The Pro - Pen Pixel brush gets Anti-Alias and Dash Interval options.
- Improved - Allows brush effects Mask and Dab Pos Mode to work properly together.
- Improved - The Resize Image dialog now allows for selecting the units of measure, inches, pixels or millimeters.
- Improved - The Resize Image dialog now shows the current PPI (pixels per inch) setting.
- Improved - The Order Prints tool has been improved to support additional print features.
- Improved - Clicking on a current selected color item will unselect it and allow adjusting colors without changing any of the 4 current colors.
- Improved - Black, Grey and White color options were added to the Quick Command panel to allow quickly selecting one of those colors without changing the current set of 4 colors.
- Improved - The Layer Bar now indicates when the Mask is enabled and also when there is a paper selected or data on the scratch layer.
- Improved - The Alpha Filter option was improved to allow for fully transparent areas to have values set. Basically it makes more of the filters usable with the Alpha Filter option.
- Improved - Clip brushes can now be used brush layer effects.
- Changed - The Marble filter was changed to a different underlying algorithm to correct crash cases but also to give a wider range of effects and cleaner handling at the page edges.
- Changed - Remove the Adaptive Unsharp Mask filter. It proved to be unreliable.
- Fixed - The Marble filter could in rare cases cause a program crash.
- Fixed - The selected filter was not getting set into a Pro Image Filter brush if the preview button was off in the filter select dialog.
- Fixed - Filters with a variant value of zero were not consistently resulting is a randomized variant.
- Fixed - Saving a page to a PSD file could result in layers being incorrectly sequenced.
19.12
- Added - PSD (Photoshop files) can now be loaded and saved with basic layer information (only normal mixing modes).
- Added - Tool bar settings are now saved between instances of running TwistedBrush.
- Added - Rotate Brush option added to the Quick Command panel.
- Added - Integration of Fine Art Printing uploading and order placement right without TwistedBrush. Found on the main menu as item Order Prints.
- Added - 7 New brushes added to the Art Pro - Image Filters ArtSet.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Image Filter brushes now save the selected filter settings with the brush!
- Improved - The Pro Mask Image Filter and Pro Stroke Image Filter brushes have numerous additional options.
- Improved - Brushes can now be designed with up to 9 post stroke filters!! This becomes an easier way to create sets of reusable filter combinations.
- Improved - Pressing the Select Filter button in the Brush Control panel will pull up the last configured setting for the filter number.
- Improved - The Backgrounds filters get an option to lock alpha . Allows alpha areas to be protected.
- Improved - The Backgrounds filters get an option to randomly position the pattern.
- Changed - The Pro Image Script brushes have been moved to their own ArtSet. Art Pro - Image Scripts
- Changed - The brush effect Simple Filter has been replaced with Simple Filter 1 - Simple Filter 9.
- Fixed - Some complex brushes that use both the Size effect and Rotate effect could result in incorrect drawing.
- Fixed - The Lasso mode of the Copy tool was not placing the starting position correctly when the page was scrolled.
- Fixed - Selecting a brush category in the Brush Effects panel would result in the brush name being changed.
- Fixed - Brushes that used the Blend Mix Capture effects were not working properly. This included the Pro Oil Pastel and around 10 other brushes.
19.11
- Added - Pro Pen Calligraphy brush was added to the Art Pro Natural Media ArtSet.
- Fixed - Actions that result in a layer being moved up or down without the full size layer panel visible resulted in a program crash. Problem started in version 19.10.
19.10
- Added - The Copy Tool gets a Lasso option to allow for freehand shape selection of copy areas!
- Improved - Support added for dragging layers in the layer panel to re-order them.
- Improved - When moving layers up or down automatically scroll the layer into view in the layer panel.
- Improved - An Org (organize) button was added to the Layer panel. This will arrange the layers such that there are no gaps.
- Improved - The Layer panel shows an extra layer now as the result of reducing the size of some buttons.
- Improved - Selecting a layer in the layer mini bar will scroll that layer into view in the full layer panel.
- Improved - When duplicating a named layer add the suffix "dup" to the name.
- Improved - Adjusting size is now possible with the Stamp mode of the Paste tool when the Shift key is hold down.
- Improved - Adjusting rotation is now possible with the Stamp mode of the Paste tool when the Alt key is hold down.
- Improved - Minor improvement to the Pro Blended Paint brush to allow a larger range of Sloppiness.
- Fixed - The layer insert actions could result in the layer name being copied to the inserted layer when it should not.
19.09
- Fixed - Some of the additions in 19.08 were not included in the build.
19.08
- Added - Art Pro - Silhouette ArtSet added.
- Added - Option to Zoom to Center added in the Preferences dialog. This will move the target of the zoom towards the center of the screen.
- Added - Auto-repeat added for the Zoom in and Zoom out hot keys (+ and -)
- Added - Display the page Width and Height in the Info panel.
- Added - Link to the Pixarra Fine Art Printing service from the Help menu.
- Added- Pixarra Fine Art Printing paper sizes added to the Set Page Size dialog.
- Added - Layer mode Silhouette added. Only of use for Silhouette brushes.
- Added - Brush effect Silhouette Mode added.
- Improved - The Page Clear and Page Fill commands now honor the layer alpha lock.
- Improved - Clip brushes were not conforming to the alpha channel restrictions for Liquid and Blob brushes.
- Fixed - The random size and rotation setting for a number of brushes in the Art Pro - Clip Brushes ArtSet didn't work.
- Fixed - Setting the Horizontal Amount and Vertical Amount to zero for the Pattern filter could result in a crash.
- Fixed - Mouse wheel zooming slower than it should have been and was missing actions on some mouse wheel clicks.
- Fixed - Using the Copy Merge option with the Copy tool could result in a crash if the selection rectangle was off the page.
- Fixed - The Page Summary totals was counting layer again each time a page was loaded.
- Fixed - Hot keys were not available after using buttons on the layer panel.
19.07
- Fixed - Pattern brushes and cloner brushes were not working since 19.06.
- Fixed - Pattern brushes, cloner brushes and brushes that grad a color had some tiny positional issue that could lead to the pattern or clone image jumping a pixel or two in position while drawing.
19.06
- Added - Box Blur filter. Somewhat faster then gaussian blurs with the added option of doing seamless blurring as well.
- Added - High Pass filter added to the Process filter category.
- Added - Contrast High Pass filter added to the Brightness and Contrast filter category.
- Added - Layer blending modes AND, OR and XOR added.
- Added - Pro Liquid Warp brush to the Art Pro Liquid ArtSet.
- Improved - Small performance improvement on all filters on multi-processor and multi-core systems.
- Improved - The brushes in the Art Pro Liquid ArtSet have been updated to make the Symmetry control optional.
- Improved - The brushes in the Art Pro Liquid ArtSet have all been updated to include a Color Lock option.
- Improved - The five different Backgrounds filters now supports opacity and mix modes.
- Improved - The Clip Fill filter now supports opacity and mix modes.
- Improved - The four Add Noise filters now supports opacity and mix modes.
- Fixed - The Page View panel was not updating after finishing a stroke.
- Fixed - The Skin Enhance filter was not working correctly.
- Fixed - Art Pro Scribbler brushes were not working since the release of 19.05.
19.05
- Added - Pro LF Pen Smooth to the Art Pro - Large Format ArtSet.
- Improved - Significant performance improvements for all brushes larger than around 40 pixels in size on multi-processor and multi-core systems. Very large brushes are over 2x as fast!!!
- Fixed - The Set Page Size dialog was not saving the PPI setting when the unit of measure was Pixels.
19.04
- Added - Pro Nu Flow Line brush added to the Art Pro Nu Media ArtSet.
- Added - "Alpha Add From Mask" and "Alpha Sub From Mask" commands added to the Mask menu.
- Added - Printer page layout added to allow setting image print size and general position on print page.
- Added - Tighten filter added in the Sharpen category of filters. Useful after upscaling an image or perhaps for blurry photos.
- Improved - An option to disable the warning about editing system ArtSets has been added.
- Improved - Always show the Book and Page number in the application title even when the book and pages are named.
- Improved - Small update to the Pro Blended Paint brush.
- Improved - Allow entering any PPI (pixels per inch) in the Set Page Size dialog.
- Improved - Option added to resize image to fit in new page size in the Set Page Size dialog.
- Improved - Added option to the Set Page Size dialog to get page size from the printer driver based on printer setup selections.
- Improved - Added display of page size in mega pixels for an easy way to determine the size.
- Updated - The Project Defaults ArtSet was updated.
- Fixed - Lua scripts with filters would not always play back properly.
- Fixed - Using the Undo hot key (Ctrl + Z) when the Undo system is paused, such as when on a scratch layer, could result in an application lockup.
19.03
- Improved - Fine line accuracy when zoomed in has been improved.
- Updated - A number of Pro Pen brushes were updated to account for other changes in this release.
- Changed - The Smooth Stroke feature under the Control menu is no longer used.
- Changed - The Smooth Stroke brush effect was changed to implement a stroke smoothing system similar what occurs for the particle system pMoveSmooth effect.
- Changed - The brush effect Disable Smooth Stroke no longer has any effect.
- Fixed - The Pro Pen Artist brush had incorrect rotation leading to rough edges.
19.02
- Added - The Pro LF Pen Artist brush added to the Art Pro - Large Format ArtSet
- Added - Anti-Alias brush effect added.
- Improved - Brush dabs (tips) without a shape effect could be misformed resulting in a lack of smoothness in fine lines.
- Improved - Higher resolution dab positioning.
- Improved - Brush effects Spac Center Pro and Spac Center Abs with a value of 0 now have no effect.
- Improved - The following brushes now are anti-aliased: Pro Basic Paint, Pro Pen Artist, Pro Pen Sketching, Pro Pen Fine Line, Pro Pen Gel, Pro Pen Smooth, Pro Pen Taper, Pro Auto Mask Basic, all Art Pro Scribbler brushes, Pro Pattern. Pro Pattern Clip, Pro Oil Paint, Pro Oil Pastel, Pro Marker, Pro Market Felt, Pro Infinity (optional), Pro Difusser (optional)
- Improved - A number of Natural Media brushes were improved for better default settings.
- Changed - In the brush modifiers Effects - Basic ArtSet the Subsample modifier was changed to to use the Anti-Alias brush effect.
- Fixed - The Pan tool (including holding spacebar to pan) was not working properly when zoomed far in.
- Fixed - Line mode of the Bezier tool was not treating the stroke as a single stroke.
19.01
- Added - Art Pro - Image Filters ArtSet added. Very powerful set of brushes.
- Added - 4 new brushes added to the Art Pro - Nu Media ArtSet.
- Added - Brush Effects VM Fine Tune 1, VM Fine Tune 2, VM Fine Tune 5 and VM Fine Tune 10 added.
- Added - Auto mask stroke brush effect.
- Added - Auto mask clear effect.
- Added - Brush effects Select Filter and Brush image filter.
- Added - Additional brushes to the Art Pro - Text Brushes ArtSet.
- Added - Brush effect Script Brush script.
- Added - A basic Screen Capture automation script added. Capture screen to named file. Found at File > Automation
- Improved - The Bezier tool Stroke command works much faster now and works with all brushes.
- Improved - Stroke scripts now process layered strokes prior to merging into the source layer. This makes stroke scripts much more versatile.
- Improved - The brush effects modifiers ArtSet has many of the brush effect sets modified to make use of adjustable settings.
- Improved - Ensure global hot keys are available after setting tool parameters.
- Improved - The Brush tool hot key (S) was only activiting the popup tools option not brush drawing, this was changed to allow for drawing.
- Improved - Minor addition to the Pro Nu Metal brush.
- Improved - Strong warning added when attempting to save to one of the key application ArtSets.
- Updated - Camera raw file system updated to support additional cameras.
- Fixed - Searching in the Select Brush dialog would result in a Pro Presets choice in the left most panel. Clicking it results in an error.
- Fixed - Undo was not working properly with brushes that use the bStrokeScript effect.
- Fixed - Pixel Mode brush effect would result in subseqent effects being ignored for that brush.
- Fixed - Lua based filters were not properly recording into scripts.
- Fixed - Lua function buffer_from_mask was not working correctly.
- Fixed - Setting a layer or page as a cloning source was affected by the mask when it should not be.
19.00
- Added - Bezier Curve tool added to the main tool bar.
- Added - Art Pro - Auto Masking Paint ArtSet added.
- Added - Brush Effect modifier Art Pro - Auto Mask added to the Effects - Basic modifier ArtSet.
- Added - Clone Source Page and Cloner Source Layer added to Quick Command Panel set of possible commands.
- Added - 3 Oil Brushes added to the Art Pro - Image Brush ArtSet.
- Added - Popup menu option to toggle the Brush Effects panel from the Brush Shortcut panel.
- Added - Pro Un-Erase brush added to the Pro Natural Media ArtSet.
- Added - Save Preset and Load Preset buttons added to the Brush Control panel for easy saving and loading of brush settings.
- Added - A RND button is added to the Brush Control panel to randomize the Pro brushes control sliders.
- Added - Pro Nu Stippling Brush in the Art Pro - Nu Media ArtSet
- Added - Pro Glass Block and Pro Stipplizer brushes to the Art Pro - Effects ArtSet
- Added - Automation script added - PNGFilesToLayers
- Added - 4 Engraving brushes and 1 half toning brush added to the Art Pro - Cloning ArtSet.
- Added - Pro Blob Holes brush added to the Art Pro - Blob Modeling ArtSet.
- Added - Art Pro - Animated ArtSet. Just Butterflies brush so far.
- Added - Paper Presets are now supported. Allows for saving by name your custom paper settings.
- Added - 11 paper presets added.
- Added - Pro Watercolor Dry 6 brush added to the Art Pro - Natural Media ArtSet.
- Added - Pro Blob Liquid Modeler and Pro Blob Liquid Sharper brushes to the Art Pro - Blob Modeling ArtSet.
- Added - Auto mask and Auto mask tolerance brush effects added.
- Added - Ctrl + Click in the brush shortcuts panel will save the current brush to the clicked shortcut slot.
- Added - Colorize layer mix mode.
- Added - Lay Colorize brush effect.
- Added - Pro Colorize brush change to use the new Lay Colorize effect and Pro Color brush is added that used the Lay Color effect.
- Added - Pro Blended Paint to the Art Pro - Natural Media ArtSet.
- Added - Pro LF Blended Paint to the Art Pro - Large Format ArtSet.
- Added - Brush effects Set Var 1 - Set Var 10.
- Added - Brush effects envelops getvar1 = getvar10
- Improved - Minor adjustments to the Pro Pen Smooth brush.
- Improved - For the Brush Effects and Brush Envelopes selector popup set focus so that keyboard and mouse scroll wheel is immediately usable.
- Improved - When editing animations retain the drawing grid from frame to frame.
- Improved - The mouse button toggle notification messages can now be disabled.
- Improved - GIF Animations recorded above 10 frames per seconds will toss away frames allow for playback in browsers with the intended speed.
- Improved - The Automation system is no longer considered experimental.
- Improved - Script brush are much faster now, especially for scripts that use multiple brushes.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Image Shape ArtSet brushes now can work with most of the brush modifiers shapes.
- Improved - Most of the Art Pro - Image Brush ArtSet brushes can be combined with brush shapes now.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Blob Modeling ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Clip Brush ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Cloner ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Design ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Effects ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Image Brush ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Image Shapes ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Large Format ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Liquid ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Mandala ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - The Art Pro - Fire and Gases ArtSet has been updated to take advantage of optional brush control sliders.
- Improved - When reverting to a restore point don't zoom to fit the page.
- Improved - Default the Blob mode to Alpha Lum 4 instead of Alpha Lum 5.
- Improved - Layered Mode added to a couple of Blob Modeler brushes.
- Improved - Added Lock Color option to the Pro - Blob Blender brush.
- Improved - The special layers (Paper, Reference and Mask Edit) retain their opacity settings between use.
- Improved - The Inner Glow filter now working in combination with the current mask in addition to the transparent areas.
- Changed - Palette editing is now accomplished with shift + click rather then right click.
- Fixed - In the Quick Command Edit dialog if a item is not selected and OK is pressed a crash would occur.
- Fixed - The Unmask Add and Unmask New options of the selection tool were not working.
- Fixed - Attempting to load a TBR file as a reference image would result in a program crash.
- Fixed - In the Animation Controller the Layer buttons, such as Copy Layer, would not work without first painting on the layer.
- Fixed - The stylus eraser was not properly retaining the alpha or size settings.
- Fixed - The TileX and TileY brush effects could not properly tile across the entire page in some cases. This fix corrects a number of brushes.
- Fixed - The Pro Palette Brush and Pro Watercolor Dry 1 brushes in the Art Pro - Natural Media ArtSet had incorrect rotation.
- Fixed - The Copy tool was not properly copying the last row or column of an image.
- Fixed - Pro Pattern brushes were not working properly in combination with masks.